By: Yashvi Patel, Kennedy College of Sciences Well-being Leader
In one of my Health psychology classes this semester, I learned about the transtheoretical model of behavior change. As summer is rolling around and the weather is getting warmer, it is the perfect time to work towards goals and build better habits! I wanted to share the transtheoretical model, which helped me get into fitness. The great thing about it is that it can be applied towards any “problem” behavior or something you want to change about yourself.
There are five stages in the transtheoretical model of behavior change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. I used to be at the first stage of this model, precontemplation, which is characterized by a lack of intention to change and unaware that not engaging in exercise is a problem behavior. I always aspired to be more toned and muscular, but I would procrastinate. Truthfully, it was because I was embarrassed at the thought of going to the gym, such as not knowing how to use equipment. I was discouraged of the fact that results would not be instant and I would be signing up for something that is a long term commitment. I just woke up one morning and realized I wasn’t ever going to be fully ready until I really set foot in the gym.
I moved into the contemplation stage where I acknowledged that my behavior was a problem and needed to take action in the near future. To get to this stage, it is important to develop self-efficacy. I imagined the improvements I may see (desirable appearance, better mental and physical health) if I took control of this whole process and developed the persistence to carry through with my plans. For me to get past the contemplation stage, I needed to develop a positive outlook. People’s awareness about their health habits are important in producing behavior change. I needed to feel like I was in control of the process and consequences, and I needed to incorporate the strategy of cognitive restructuring. The goal of cognitive restructuring is to replace stress producing thoughts or negative thoughts with more balanced thoughts that are not stress provoking. I wanted to modify my internal monologues to promote physical activity. To accomplish this, I charted down my negative self-thoughts, countering them with positive thoughts, such as altering the constant belief that “I cannot do it” to “I can do it.” I reminded myself to “trust the process” by writing it on a sticky note and pasting it onto my bathroom mirror, so that it is the first thing I see each morning as I brush my teeth. These positive self-talks turned into affirmations that I recited each morning leading up to my workout.
In self-efficacy, it is important to contemplate the desirable changes before putting intervention plans into effect. I learned that there are positive mental, physical, and physiological outcomes for this behavioral change of exercising. Exercise is known to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression, enhance cognitive functioning, and improve academic performance. It also increases metabolism, improves sleep, and reduces risk factors for chronic illnesses like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity.
The next stage is preparation, in which I intended to make small modifications to my behavior. I started by purchasing running shoes, weights, and gym equipment, and saving workout YouTube videos that allowed me to develop an exercise plan. I prepared myself for more vigorous physical activity by engaging in more household chores than usual and going for a walk once a day. These were slight modifications in my daily life that would allow me to get to the more intensive activities.
Next is the action stage where I modified my behavior and adopted this newly formed habit of working out and holding myself accountable to it. In this stage, I developed a workout routine and established contingency contracting, in which a friend or family member would hold me accountable through rewards (such as going to the movies) or punishments for skipping a workout (such as staying in for the weekend). I took advantage of my strong social support, including my family and friends who are also into fitness. Having a gym buddy helped me to adhere to my intervention plan. Every morning, I went for a jog with my dad and grandpa. Cardio is known to strengthen the heart and lungs and reduce fatigue. My friend used to go to the Campus Recreation Center at UMass Lowell at 7 am each day. I started joining her every other day before my morning classes. I remembered pre/post-workout stretches (from when I used to run track in high school) that I was able to teach her so that we could do them together. From time to time, my friend and I exchanged fitness reels to add to our workout as I got more comfortable. I used to save them and integrate them into my workout routine.
The last stage is centered around maintenance. It stresses the importance of continuity in healthy habits and the prevention of relapse to old behaviors. I developed a set of coping mechanisms for other risk factors that may bring me back to inactivity. Personally, when I have too many exams and homework, I struggle with motivation to engage in physical activity. I learned to incorporate time management strategies so that I can make time for my workout routine. I blocked off one-two hours every morning for physical activity and did not budge around that. I reminded myself of the importance of being consistent in working out every day or every other day because it’s hard to get back into it once you take even a small break. I would also constantly remind myself of my long-term goals of working out (abs, muscles, endurance, and strength) because results are not instant and can take months or even years to achieve. It brings me back to the idea of self-efficacy and being in control of the entire process from start to finish. For me to declare it as a healthy habit, I needed to be in continuity for at least six months. Once I made it past six months, I was devoted to maintaining this habit as I could risk reverting back to my old ways. It is a fact that inactivity can return the muscles to their pre-training levels.
I hope you can use this model to change any type of behavior you view as a problem and use concepts such as self-efficacy, social support, and positive self-talks to become a better version of yourself! You can even reach out to a Well-being leader, like myself, if you want to develop a model for any type of behavior. Together, we can build healthier habits and incorporate them into your schedule.
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